ABSTRACT
@#Imaging diagnosis is one of the main bases for the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. At present the - diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis is mainly based on high kV X ray chest radiography or chest digital radiography. With （ ） ， （ ） the wide application of computed tomography CT in occupational lung diseases high resolution CT HRCT is increasingly Update： Standardized CT/HRCT Classification of Occupational valuable in the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. The and Environmental Thoracic Diseases in Germany， ， published in 2014 is the latest and highly reliable standard. The standard - - - recommends the use of low dose HRCT scanning regimens and whole lung thin layer volumetric scanning with a thickness of - ， ， 1.0 mm and high resolution reconstruction which classify CT image quality into four levels and describes methods for （ ， classification and quantitative recording of CT manifestations of lung lesions including round opacities irregular and/or linear ， ， ， ， ） opacities ground glass opacity honeycombing emphysema and large opacities and pleural lesions. It is beneficial for ， ， ， epidemiological research early screening diagnosis and differential diagnosis treatment and prognosis of occupational ， pneumoconiosis as well as the comparison of international data related to occupational pneumoconiosis.
ABSTRACT
@#Imaging diagnosis is one of the main bases for the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. At present the - diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis is mainly based on high kV X ray chest radiography or chest digital radiography. With （ ） ， （ ） the wide application of computed tomography CT in occupational lung diseases high resolution CT HRCT is increasingly Update： Standardized CT/HRCT Classification of Occupational valuable in the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. The and Environmental Thoracic Diseases in Germany， ， published in 2014 is the latest and highly reliable standard. The standard - - - recommends the use of low dose HRCT scanning regimens and whole lung thin layer volumetric scanning with a thickness of - ， ， 1.0 mm and high resolution reconstruction which classify CT image quality into four levels and describes methods for （ ， classification and quantitative recording of CT manifestations of lung lesions including round opacities irregular and/or linear ， ， ， ， ） opacities ground glass opacity honeycombing emphysema and large opacities and pleural lesions. It is beneficial for ， ， ， epidemiological research early screening diagnosis and differential diagnosis treatment and prognosis of occupational ， pneumoconiosis as well as the comparison of international data related to occupational pneumoconiosis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and reducing mortality in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about probiotics for preventing NEC in preterm neonates were searched in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu and Wanfang Data from their establishment to March 2014. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 Software was used for a Meta analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 21 RCTs involving 4 607 preterm VLBW infants were eligible for inclusion in the Meta analysis. The Meta analysis showed that probiotic supplement was associated with a significantly decreased risk of NEC in preterm VLBW infants (RR=0.47; 95%CI: 0.35-0.62; P<0.001). Risk of mortality was also significantly reduced in the probiotic group (RR=0.63; 95%CI: 0.51-0.78; P<0.01). Probiotic supplement did not decrease the risk for sepsis (RR=0.87; 95%CI: 0.72-1.06; P=0.17) and NEC related mortality (RR=0.68; 95%CI: 0.31-1.48, P=0.33).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results confirm that probiotic supplement can reduce risk of NEC and mortality in preterm VLBW infants. However, the long-term effects and safety of probiotics need to be assessed in large trials.</p>